diff --git a/assets/css/ui.css b/assets/css/ui.css
index a7c37ce..a9753d2 100644
--- a/assets/css/ui.css
+++ b/assets/css/ui.css
@@ -525,7 +525,13 @@
   border: 1.5px solid #c9b08a;
   margin-bottom: 18px;
 }
-
+.utci-fetch-time {
+  text-align: left;
+  font-size: 0.72rem;
+  opacity: 0.5;
+  margin: 0.70rem 0 0.4rem;
+  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
+}
 
 /* ── 10. LEGEND  (thermal-stress band colours at the bottom) ────────── */
 
diff --git a/assets/js/app.js b/assets/js/app.js
index b47d944..fbcfcbc 100644
--- a/assets/js/app.js
+++ b/assets/js/app.js
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export function UTCIForecast() {
   // useAppState. See hooks/useAppState.js for the full reading order.
   const {
     location, setLocationAndSave,
-    forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now,
+    forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now, fetchedAt,
     searchQuery, setSearchQuery, searchResults, searching,
     selectedDay, setSelectedDay,
     proPromptDay, setProPromptDay,
@@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ export function UTCIForecast() {
                 ${location.lat.toFixed(3)}°, ${location.lon.toFixed(3)}°
               </span>
             </div>
+            ${fetchedAt && !loading && html`
+              <div class="utci-fetch-time">Last update: ${fetchedAt.toLocaleTimeString([], { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' })}</div>`}
           </div>
 
           <div>
diff --git a/assets/js/hooks/useAppState.js b/assets/js/hooks/useAppState.js
index 2f3fa04..14ac60e 100644
--- a/assets/js/hooks/useAppState.js
+++ b/assets/js/hooks/useAppState.js
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export function useAppState() {
     setLocation(loc);
   };
 
-  const { forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now } = useForecast(location);
+  const { forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now, fetchedAt } = useForecast(location);
 
   const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery]     = useState('');
   const [searchResults, setSearchResults] = useState([]);
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ export function useAppState() {
     // location
     location, setLocationAndSave,
     // forecast
-    forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now,
+    forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now, fetchedAt,
     // search
     searchQuery, setSearchQuery,
     searchResults, setSearchResults,
diff --git a/assets/js/hooks/useForecast.js b/assets/js/hooks/useForecast.js
index 8548d49..c2e1e52 100644
--- a/assets/js/hooks/useForecast.js
+++ b/assets/js/hooks/useForecast.js
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 //  given location and keeps them fresh.
 //
 //  Responsibilities:
-//    1. Fetch /v1/forecast on location change.
+//    1. Fetch /v1/forecast on location change, with a 15-minute
+//       localStorage cache. fetchedAt reflects the cache timestamp.
 //    2. Fetch /v1/air-quality on location change, with a 6-hour
 //       localStorage cache (AQI / pollen update slowly).
-//    3. Auto-refresh both every 5 minutes so the displayed data stays
-//       current as time passes. Air quality only refetches if cache is
-//       stale.
+//    3. Auto-refresh forecast every 15 minutes (matches Open-Meteo
+//       update cadence). Air quality only refetches if cache is stale.
+//    4. Tick `now` every 2 minutes to keep the current-row highlight
+//       accurate without any API cost.
 //
 //  Inputs:
 //    location  - { lat, lon, name, country }
@@ -18,13 +20,15 @@
 //    airQuality  - raw /v1/air-quality response, or null
 //    loading     - true while the forecast fetch is in flight
 //    error       - fetch error message, or null
-//    now         - Date that ticks every 5 minutes (drives the "current row")
+//    now         - Date that ticks every 2 minutes (drives the current row)
+//    fetchedAt   - Date the forecast data was last fetched or read from cache
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 import { useState, useEffect } from '../../vendor/preact-hooks.js';
 
-const SIX_HOURS_MS = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
-const FIVE_MIN     = 5 * 60 * 1000;
+const FIFTEEN_MIN_MS = 15 * 60 * 1000;
+const SIX_HOURS_MS   =  6 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+const TWO_MIN_MS     =  2 * 60 * 1000;
 
 function buildForecastUrl(loc) {
   return `https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast` +
@@ -47,18 +51,57 @@ function buildAirQualityUrl(loc) {
     `&timezone=auto&forecast_days=5`;
 }
 
-export function useForecast(location) {
-  const [forecast, setForecast]     = useState(null);
-  const [airQuality, setAirQuality] = useState(null);
-  const [loading, setLoading]       = useState(false);
-  const [error, setError]           = useState(null);
-  const [now, setNow]               = useState(new Date());
+function forecastCacheKey(loc) {
+  return `sunscope_fc_${loc.lat.toFixed(4)}_${loc.lon.toFixed(4)}`;
+}
 
-  // Air quality loader — also used by the 5-minute refresh below.
-  async function loadAirQuality(loc) {
-    const cacheKey = `sunscope_aq_${loc.lat.toFixed(4)}_${loc.lon.toFixed(4)}`;
+function airQualityCacheKey(loc) {
+  return `sunscope_aq_${loc.lat.toFixed(4)}_${loc.lon.toFixed(4)}`;
+}
+
+export function useForecast(location) {
+  const [forecast,  setForecast]  = useState(null);
+  const [airQuality, setAirQuality] = useState(null);
+  const [loading,   setLoading]   = useState(false);
+  const [error,     setError]     = useState(null);
+  const [now,       setNow]       = useState(new Date());
+  const [fetchedAt, setFetchedAt] = useState(null);
+
+  // ─── FORECAST LOADER ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function loadForecast(loc) {
+    const key = forecastCacheKey(loc);
     try {
-      const cached = localStorage.getItem(cacheKey);
+      const cached = localStorage.getItem(key);
+      if (cached) {
+        const { ts, data } = JSON.parse(cached);
+        if (Date.now() - ts < FIFTEEN_MIN_MS) {
+          setForecast(data);
+          setFetchedAt(new Date(ts));
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) { /* ignore bad cache */ }
+
+    setLoading(true); setError(null);
+    try {
+      const r = await fetch(buildForecastUrl(loc));
+      if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`Open-Meteo HTTP ${r.status}`);
+      const data = await r.json();
+      const ts = Date.now();
+      setForecast(data);
+      setFetchedAt(new Date(ts));
+      try {
+        localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify({ ts, data }));
+      } catch (e) { /* ignore storage errors */ }
+    } catch (e) { setError(e.message); }
+    finally { setLoading(false); }
+  }
+
+  // ─── AIR QUALITY LOADER ───────────────────────────────────────────
+  async function loadAirQuality(loc) {
+    const key = airQualityCacheKey(loc);
+    try {
+      const cached = localStorage.getItem(key);
       if (cached) {
         const { ts, data } = JSON.parse(cached);
         if (Date.now() - ts < SIX_HOURS_MS) {
@@ -69,56 +112,49 @@ export function useForecast(location) {
     } catch (e) { /* ignore bad cache */ }
     try {
       const r = await fetch(buildAirQualityUrl(loc));
-      if (!r.ok) return; // silently fail — these columns just show '—'
+      if (!r.ok) return;
       const data = await r.json();
       setAirQuality(data);
       try {
-        localStorage.setItem(cacheKey, JSON.stringify({ ts: Date.now(), data }));
+        localStorage.setItem(airQualityCacheKey(loc), JSON.stringify({ ts: Date.now(), data }));
       } catch (e) { /* ignore storage errors */ }
     } catch (_) { /* silently ignore */ }
   }
 
   // ─── INITIAL FETCH on location change ─────────────────────────────
   useEffect(() => {
-    async function load() {
-      setLoading(true); setError(null);
-      try {
-        const r = await fetch(buildForecastUrl(location));
-        if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`Open-Meteo HTTP ${r.status}`);
-        setForecast(await r.json());
-      } catch (e) { setError(e.message); }
-      finally { setLoading(false); }
-    }
-    load();
+    loadForecast(location);
     loadAirQuality(location);
   }, [location]);
 
-  // ─── AUTO-REFRESH every 5 minutes ─────────────────────────────────
-  // Updates `now` (drives the "current hour" highlight) and refetches
-  // the forecast so fresh API data comes in automatically. Air quality
-  // only refetches if its 6-hour cache has expired.
+  // ─── 2-MINUTE CLOCK TICK (current-row highlight only) ─────────────
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const id = setInterval(() => setNow(new Date()), TWO_MIN_MS);
+    return () => clearInterval(id);
+  }, []);
+
+  // ─── 15-MINUTE REFRESH (matches Open-Meteo update cadence) ────────
   useEffect(() => {
     const id = setInterval(() => {
-      setNow(new Date());
       async function refresh() {
+        const key = forecastCacheKey(location);
+        try { localStorage.removeItem(key); } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
+        await loadForecast(location);
+
+        const aqKey = airQualityCacheKey(location);
         try {
-          const r = await fetch(buildForecastUrl(location));
-          if (r.ok) setForecast(await r.json());
-        } catch (_) { /* silently ignore refresh errors */ }
-        const cacheKey = `sunscope_aq_${location.lat.toFixed(4)}_${location.lon.toFixed(4)}`;
-        try {
-          const cached = localStorage.getItem(cacheKey);
+          const cached = localStorage.getItem(aqKey);
           if (cached) {
             const { ts } = JSON.parse(cached);
-            if (Date.now() - ts < SIX_HOURS_MS) return; // still fresh
+            if (Date.now() - ts < SIX_HOURS_MS) return;
           }
         } catch (e) { /* ignore */ }
         loadAirQuality(location);
       }
       refresh();
-    }, FIVE_MIN);
+    }, FIFTEEN_MIN_MS);
     return () => clearInterval(id);
   }, [location]);
 
-  return { forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now };
-}
+  return { forecast, airQuality, loading, error, now, fetchedAt };
+}
\ No newline at end of file